Process of welding.



No. 726,026. lATENTED APRI. 2l, 1903.

P. E. GANDA. PRGGESS OF'WELDlNG.

APELIUATIDN FILED MAY 19, 1902. Y

N0 MODEL,

WITNEISSES: \NVENTOR ATTORNEYS tact and mechanically inter-locked and where- 15 welding temperatures.

UNITED STATES PATET "OEEIeE.i

"FERDINAND E. CANDA, F NEW Yemen.

PijoCEss OF'WELDiNG. l

. sPEcIFxeATIoN forming page ofgLeaefs Patent ivo. 726,02 e, ,dated Aprn'm, 1 eos.

' Applicant mea nay 19,1902. sesamo'. 198,101'. 1ero specimens.)

To LIZ whoin-it-mjwy concern..-

Be it knowxithat I, FERDINANDE. CANDA, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the conntyfof New York .and State of New York, have invented certain new and t useful Processes of Welding; and I do hereby declare the followingto be av full, clear, and

. exact description. of the invention, suclras will enable others skilled in the art to which lo lit appertainsto make and use' the same.

My invention relates to improvements in4 methods of welding steel plates and similar objects, and is especially applicable to the welding together of steel plates of different My invention consists in the novel manner whereby the adjacent surfaces ot' said 'plates orotherobjects are brought into intimate conzo by the escape of the welding -flu'x and ot gas which may be between the plates is permitted and facilitated.

In the welding oil?V steel plates and similar objects of large size much trouble has been a 5 experienced because of the failure lo produce a perfect weld.- It frequently happens that certain portions of the plates are welded together while other portions are not welded at all. This difficulty is encountered especial! y 3o in the welding togetherof metals which have diilerent welding tcmperatures-such, for example, as chrome-steel and ordinary mild vsteel or wrought-iron. In the making of: safes,

safetyfdeposit vaults, and the like compound plates are used which are composed of altcrnate layers of chrome-steel and wrought-iron orlnild steel. In welding such plates together the 'plates of these different materials coated with a suitable welding flux are placed to- 4o gethcr in thedcsircd order and heated to the welding point. Chrome steel reaches its wclding-pointqnickcrthan ordinary wroughtiron or mild steel, the best welding temperalure of the latter being much-higher than the Y best weld-ing-temp'erature ol' 'the i'oriner', and

5o diato temperature must be chosen.

i-l'the-heating be continued' "until''liMbs-*t heated to the proper temperature shall be welded together between rolls or in a press rather than under the h`ammer,since hammerwelded plates are apt to be irregular in thickness.

Failure to'securevproper welds between the plates may be due eitherto the collection of gas between the plates, to the incomplete removal of the oxid by the iiux, or to insullicient surface contact between the plates.

In carrying out m'y process I form grooves or corrugations in the welding-surface of one of two objects to be welded together and also sometimes in the corresponding surface of the other object as well. lVhen welding together plates of diilerent welding temperatures the grooves or eorrngations are vpreferably formed only in the 'plate having the highest welding temperature. Such grooves maybe quite shallow, a thickness of from one-sixteenth to three thirty-seconds of an inch'being sulieient. The grooving or corrugating may be done by passing the plates through suitably-formed rolls. Flux or other welding reagent is then applied to theplates in the ordinary manner, an`d they are then a'ssembled and' heated to the welding-point. When heated to the propel' point, pressure is applied, as by api-ess or by means of rolls. This pressure forces out through the said grooves or channels the welding flux or a" considerable part. thereof, and also causes the metal opposite the grooves to llow'i'n'to the same, so as to interlock the plates. It also causes the plates to weld together. The

molten flux iu flowing out from between the plates in clect washes their surfaces, carrying away particles of oxid or scale which otherwise might prevent the perfect welding of the plates.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the manner of carrying outmy process.

Figure'l shows a transverse section of a live-ply plate, the com ponent layers-of which have been welded in the manner above described, the wavy character-.of the l-ines of juncture being somewhat exaggerated. Fig. 2 shows a similar section of the plates as prepared for welding. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 of the component parts of bars,

such as are commonly used for jail-liars, prepared for welding. Fig. iisadetan' view, on

a larger scale than the preceding figures, showing two plates partly welded and. showing one of the channels through which the tlnx may escape, as it exists during .the first application ofpressure.

In the drawings plates of diterent welding temperatures are shown. The plates 1 have a relatively'high welding temperature and the plates 2 a lower welding temperatnre. wrought-iron' or mild steel and plates 2 of chrome-steel. In the welding-surfaces of the .plates 1 grooves 3 andribs 4 have been' formed. They may be formed most conveniently by rolling.

It is well known that when grooves are `rolled in plates, as above described, the .roll

raise or upset the metal slightly in the vicinit ofthe grooves, forming'elevations 5.. When the plates are placed together and are. rolledoppressed, theiirst effect of 'the pressure is to turn these raised portions 5 over the metal of 'theplates- 2, which at the time is softer be'- 'cause its-welding-point is lower, at the same, time flowing into the grooves 3 and interlocking with the portions 5,' so as to lock-the plates together mechanically. .At4 first the grooves 3 form channels for the emape of the linx and olany gas whichrnay be between the plates, and even when these grooves are4 nearly lled with the metal of the plates 2 crevices 6 will exist. at the sides nf said grooves,

. through which-more-of the linx may escape.;-

The ribs 5,w,hen turned over, as above described, tend to protect these crevices 6; but v the continued application of pressure tends to close thesev crevces, so that in the resulting plate theyare indistinguishable. .After the welding is complete it is customary L0. reheat the plates and to roll or press themstill further toreduce them to a predetermined thickness. This rolling or pressing ot course spreads the fibers of the plate, so that in the finished plate the lines of welding are slightly wavy in character. The particular form of the lines depends upon the extentto which the plates have been rolled or pressed and is not The plates 1 may be supposed to be of- 'molten flux out through said channels.

Fig. 1.

. The same process is applicable to the welding of many other objects. In Fig. 3 I have shown how composite bars may be welded. These bars may consist of a core 7, of wrought- -iron or `mild steel, around which are placed $5' necessarilyA of the precise forni shown 'in 1 f i.

bars 8 of-ha'rder steel, the whole being inclosed byangles 9, of .wrought-iron or mild steel, grooved as above described. When such bars are pressed or rolled, the effect is. 6 i y o. and finally to weld them together. Final roll- Y 2 to press ont the iiux, to interlock the layers,

ing may then reduce the rodto round form or to any other form which may be"` desired.

It is obvious'that the process herein described 1s capableof -many modiiicationsand 65 variations and that various forms of grooves may be employed. Therefore I do not limit use of 4 any particular form of groove .or channel for conducting ott the flux. A, Y i f What I claim is-' .myself to the particular details of carrying l E' ont .the process herein-described nor-to they. 7

1. 'lhe herein-described process of welding Y -metal plates and the like, which consists in forming channels between-the welding-snrfaces'of the objects to`be'welded, applying linx to such surfaces and placing them together and then heating the objects and ape plying pressure to weld them and toorce the 2. The herein-described process of welding metal plates and thelike, which consists in Y' forming grooves or ribs in the welding-snr# face of one of the objects to be welded, ap-

plying linx to the welding surfaces and plac-- ing them together and then heating the objects and applying-pressure to weld them and toforce the molten flux ont -thronghsaid 

